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History of Bocas del Toro
The islands
of Bocas del
Toro are located on the northwest Caribbean coast of the country of
Panama, just twenty-five miles from Costa Rica. Bocas del
Toro is also
the name for the entire northernmost province, as well as the name of
the region’s capital city, located on Isla Colon. There are
over forty
islands in the archipelago, but just six principal ones are
inhabited.
Christopher Columbus arrived here in 1502, while searching for a
passage to the Pacific Ocean. He entered with his two vessels
into the
waters of what is known today as the Bay of Almirante, provisioned on
the present day Bastimentos Island and careened a ship off of Carenero
Island. There is no certainty as to the origin of the name Bocas del
Toro, meaning “Mouths of the Bull”, which was given to the island chain
by Columbus. One legend says that when he landed, he saw
various
waterfalls in the form of “mouths of the bull”.
Another states that
Columbus saw a large rock on Bastimentos Island that has the form of a
bull lying down. It has also been said that the sound of the
immense
waves that hit this large rock is similar to the call of a
bull.
Lastly, there are indigenous people who insist the last chief of the
region was known as "Boka Toro".
The islands
weren’t colonized by the Spanish as other parts of
Panama were, as little gold was found here, leaving the indigenous
Indians in peace. At the beginning of the 19th century,
Europeans
arrived from Jamaica with their slaves, and a few years later English
families emigrated from the San Andres and Providencia Islands, also
with their slaves, in order to evade tax payments. Commercial
exchange
started with the indigenous Indians of the region, including live
turtles, turtle shells, cocoa and mahogany. When the banana
industry
began to flourish, former slaves from other Caribbean islands and
Colombia came to work. The population of the archipelago was
at its
height at the turn of the 20th century, when around 25,000 people lived
in the islands.
When a fungus known as “Panama Disease” destroyed much of the local
banana crops, the archipelago was largely abandoned in the late 1920’s
as growers and suppliers sought work elsewhere on the
mainland. By the
1940’s, there remained less than 1,000 residents in Bocas, as the U.S.
had begun building military bases in Panama City and the opportunity
drew everyone away from the islands. It wasn’t until the
1970’s that
backpackers and adventure seekers began to rediscover Bocas del
Toro.
They began to spread the word about what a naturally beautiful place
the rainforest-covered islands were to explore.
Bocas has continued to grow throughout the better part of the past
forty years until the present day. It is only within the past
ten
years that the majority of hotels, restaurants and tourist-related
businesses came to be in existence. Recently the area has
become a
popular place for expatriates from the United States, Canada and Europe
to retire, as Panama offers a year-round agreeable climate, lower cost
of living and beaches and jungles that have as much beauty and appeal
as they did to Columbus over 500 years ago.
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